Key Switches
Key Switches provide secure, authorized control of machinery and electrical systems by requiring a key for operation. Designed for reliability and safety, they help prevent unauthorized access to critical equipment and control functions.
- Restricts operation to authorized personnel for enhanced security.
- Durable construction supports long-term performance in industrial environments.
- Available in multiple key-removal and position configurations to suit application requirements.
- Ideal for machinery control, access-restricted systems, control panels, and safety-critical applications.
-
2 Position Key Switch - 1 Spring Return Right to Left - LH Position Key RemovalItem # PB-BG6View More InfoView Less InfoView More InfoView Less Info-
Package QuantityEA
-
Name2 Position Key Switch - 1 Spring Return Right to Left - LH Position Key Removal
-
BrandTechspan
-
Cabling/Terminal Capacity1x0.5mm² and 2x1.5mm²
-
Contact OperationSlow action, Positive Opening
-
Dielectric Strength2.5KV for 1 minute
-
Initial Contact Resistance≤ 25 milli Ohm
-
Insulation CategoryGroup C conforming to NF C 20-040, VDE 0110
-
Insulation Resistance2M Ohm min (500 VDC)
-
Key RemovalLH position
-
Knob SizeØ ≤ 25mm
-
Mechanical LifeAll working positions are allowed
-
Operating ForcePush Buttons - 1 'NO'=10N, 1'NC'=8N Additional contacts - 'NO'=+5N, 'NC'=+3N
-
Pollution Degree3
-
Protection DegreeIP65
-
Rated Insulation Voltage500V conforming to IEC 60947-1, UL 508 & CSA 22-2 n° 14
-
Rated PowerConforming to IEC 60947-5-1: utilization categories AC 15 & DC 13
-
Rated Thermal Current10A
-
Reference StandardIEC 60947-5-1, EN 60947-5-1, IEC 337-1, UL 508, CSA C-22-2 n° 14
-
Shock ResistancePush Buttons: 70g, Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 15g, Selector Switches: 200g conforming to IEC 68-2-27
-
Short Circuits Protection10A 500V, Cartridge Fuse g1 or N conforming to IEC 337-1
-
Temperature-40°C ~ + 70°C (Storage) -25°C ~ + 70°C (Working)
-
Type - push button1 Spring Return Right to Left
-
Vibration Resistance60 mm Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 8g, Other Push Buttons & Pilot Lights: 15g (40HzWorking PositionAll Working positions are allowedUL StandardcULus ListedCSA StandardCSA Certified
-
2 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - All Positions Key RemovalItem # PB-BG4View More InfoView Less InfoView More InfoView Less Info-
Package QuantityEA
-
Name2 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - All Positions Key Removal
-
BrandTechspan
-
Cabling/Terminal Capacity1x0.5mm² and 2x1.5mm²
-
Contact OperationSlow action, Positive Opening
-
Dielectric Strength2.5KV for 1 minute
-
Initial Contact Resistance≤ 25 milli Ohm
-
Insulation CategoryGroup C conforming to NF C 20-040, VDE 0110
-
Insulation Resistance2M Ohm min (500 VDC)
-
Key RemovalAll Positions
-
Knob SizeØ ≤ 25mm
-
Mechanical LifeAll working positions are allowed
-
Operating ForcePush Buttons - 1 'NO'=10N, 1'NC'=8N Additional contacts - 'NO'=+5N, 'NC'=+3N
-
Pollution Degree3
-
Protection DegreeIP65
-
Rated Insulation Voltage500V conforming to IEC 60947-1, UL 508 & CSA 22-2 n° 14
-
Rated PowerConforming to IEC 60947-5-1: utilization categories AC 15 & DC 13
-
Rated Thermal Current10A
-
Reference StandardIEC 60947-5-1, EN 60947-5-1, IEC 337-1, UL 508, CSA C-22-2 n° 14
-
Shock ResistancePush Buttons: 70g, Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 15g, Selector Switches: 200g conforming to IEC 68-2-27
-
Short Circuits Protection10A 500V, Cartridge Fuse g1 or N conforming to IEC 337-1
-
Temperature-40°C ~ + 70°C (Storage) -25°C ~ + 70°C (Working)
-
Type - push buttonStay Put
-
Vibration Resistance60 mm Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 8g, Other Push Buttons & Pilot Lights: 15g (40HzWorking PositionAll Working positions are allowedShipping Dimensions (cm)2.8 L 7.1 W 2.9 HShipping Weight (kg)0.0980UL StandardcULus ListedCSA StandardCSA Certified
-
2 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - LH Position Key RemovalItem # PB-BG2View More InfoView Less InfoView More InfoView Less Info-
Package QuantityEA
-
Name2 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - LH Position Key Removal
-
BrandTechspan
-
Cabling/Terminal Capacity1x0.5mm² and 2x1.5mm²
-
Contact OperationSlow action, Positive Opening
-
Dielectric Strength2.5KV for 1 minute
-
Initial Contact Resistance≤ 25 milli Ohm
-
Insulation CategoryGroup C conforming to NF C 20-040, VDE 0110
-
Insulation Resistance2M Ohm min (500 VDC)
-
Key RemovalLH position
-
Knob SizeØ ≤ 25mm
-
Mechanical LifeAll working positions are allowed
-
Operating ForcePush Buttons - 1 'NO'=10N, 1'NC'=8N Additional contacts - 'NO'=+5N, 'NC'=+3N
-
Pollution Degree3
-
Protection DegreeIP65
-
Rated Insulation Voltage500V conforming to IEC 60947-1, UL 508 & CSA 22-2 n° 14
-
Rated PowerConforming to IEC 60947-5-1: utilization categories AC 15 & DC 13
-
Rated Thermal Current10A
-
Reference StandardIEC 60947-5-1, EN 60947-5-1, IEC 337-1, UL 508, CSA C-22-2 n° 14
-
Shock ResistancePush Buttons: 70g, Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 15g, Selector Switches: 200g conforming to IEC 68-2-27
-
Short Circuits Protection10A 500V, Cartridge Fuse g1 or N conforming to IEC 337-1
-
Temperature-40°C ~ + 70°C (Storage) -25°C ~ + 70°C (Working)
-
Type - push buttonStay Put
-
Vibration Resistance60 mm Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 8g, Other Push Buttons & Pilot Lights: 15g (40HzWorking PositionAll Working positions are allowedUL StandardcULus ListedCSA StandardCSA Certified
-
2 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - RH Position Key RemovalItem # PB-BG02View More InfoView Less InfoView More InfoView Less Info-
Package QuantityEA
-
Name2 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - RH Position Key Removal
-
BrandTechspan
-
Cabling/Terminal Capacity1x0.5mm² and 2x1.5mm²
-
Contact OperationSlow action, Positive Opening
-
Dielectric Strength2.5KV for 1 minute
-
Initial Contact Resistance≤ 25 milli Ohm
-
Insulation CategoryGroup C conforming to NF C 20-040, VDE 0110
-
Insulation Resistance2M Ohm min (500 VDC)
-
Key RemovalRH Position
-
Knob SizeØ ≤ 25mm
-
Mechanical LifeAll working positions are allowed
-
Operating ForcePush Buttons - 1 'NO'=10N, 1'NC'=8N Additional contacts - 'NO'=+5N, 'NC'=+3N
-
Pollution Degree3
-
Protection DegreeIP65
-
Rated Insulation Voltage500V conforming to IEC 60947-1, UL 508 & CSA 22-2 n° 14
-
Rated PowerConforming to IEC 60947-5-1: utilization categories AC 15 & DC 13
-
Rated Thermal Current10A
-
Reference StandardIEC 60947-5-1, EN 60947-5-1, IEC 337-1, UL 508, CSA C-22-2 n° 14
-
Shock ResistancePush Buttons: 70g, Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 15g, Selector Switches: 200g conforming to IEC 68-2-27
-
Short Circuits Protection10A 500V, Cartridge Fuse g1 or N conforming to IEC 337-1
-
Temperature-40°C ~ + 70°C (Storage) -25°C ~ + 70°C (Working)
-
Type - push buttonStay Put
-
Vibration Resistance60 mm Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 8g, Other Push Buttons & Pilot Lights: 15g (40HzWorking PositionAll Working positions are allowedUL StandardcULus ListedCSA StandardCSA Certified
-
2 Position Metal Key Selector Head - 1 Spring Return Right to Left - LH Position Key RemovalItem # PB-BG6MView More InfoView Less InfoView More InfoView Less Info-
Package QuantityEA
-
Name2 Position Metal Key Selector Head - 1 Spring Return Right to Left - LH Position Key Removal
-
BrandTechspan
-
Cabling/Terminal Capacity1x0.5mm² and 2x1.5mm²
-
Dielectric Strength2.5KV for 1 minute
-
Initial Contact Resistance≤ 25 milli Ohm
-
Insulation CategoryGroup C conforming to NF C 20-040, VDE 0110
-
Insulation Resistance2M Ohm min (500 VDC)
-
Key RemovalLH position
-
Knob SizeØ ≤ 25mm
-
Mechanical LifeAll working positions are allowed
-
Operating ForcePush Buttons - 1 'NO'=10N, 1'NC'=8N Additional contacts - 'NO'=+5N, 'NC'=+3N
-
Pollution Degree3
-
Protection DegreeIP65
-
Rated Insulation Voltage500V conforming to IEC 60947-1, UL 508 & CSA 22-2 n° 14
-
Rated PowerConforming to IEC 60947-5-1: utilization categories AC 15 & DC 13
-
Rated Thermal Current10A
-
Reference StandardIEC 60947-5-1, EN 60947-5-1, IEC 337-1, UL 508, CSA C-22-2 n° 14
-
Shock ResistancePush Buttons: 70g, Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 15g, Selector Switches: 200g conforming to IEC 68-2-27
-
Temperature-40°C ~ + 70°C (Storage) -25°C ~ + 70°C (Working)
-
Type - push button1 Spring Return Right to Left
-
Vibration Resistance60 mm Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 8g, Other Push Buttons & Pilot Lights: 15g (40HzWorking PositionAll Working positions are allowedUL StandardcULus ListedCSA StandardCSA Certified
-
3 Position Key Switch - Spring Return to Centre from Right to Left - Centre Position Key RemovalItem # PB-BG7View More InfoView Less InfoView More InfoView Less Info-
Package QuantityEA
-
Name3 Position Key Switch - Spring Return to Centre from Right to Left - Centre Position Key Removal
-
BrandTechspan
-
Cabling/Terminal Capacity1x0.5mm² and 2x1.5mm²
-
Contact OperationSlow action, Positive Opening
-
Dielectric Strength2.5KV for 1 minute
-
Initial Contact Resistance≤ 25 milli Ohm
-
Insulation CategoryGroup C conforming to NF C 20-040, VDE 0110
-
Insulation Resistance2M Ohm min (500 VDC)
-
Key RemovalCentre Position
-
Knob SizeØ ≤ 25mm
-
Mechanical LifeAll working positions are allowed
-
Operating ForcePush Buttons - 1 'NO'=10N, 1'NC'=8N Additional contacts - 'NO'=+5N, 'NC'=+3N
-
Pollution Degree3
-
Protection DegreeIP65
-
Rated Insulation Voltage500V conforming to IEC 60947-1, UL 508 & CSA 22-2 n° 14
-
Rated PowerConforming to IEC 60947-5-1: utilization categories AC 15 & DC 13
-
Rated Thermal Current10A
-
Reference StandardIEC 60947-5-1, EN 60947-5-1, IEC 337-1, UL 508, CSA C-22-2 n° 14
-
Shock ResistancePush Buttons: 70g, Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 15g, Selector Switches: 200g conforming to IEC 68-2-27
-
Short Circuits Protection10A 500V, Cartridge Fuse g1 or N conforming to IEC 337-1
-
Temperature-40°C ~ + 70°C (Storage) -25°C ~ + 70°C (Working)
-
Type - push buttonSpring Return to Centre from Right and Left
-
Vibration Resistance60 mm Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 8g, Other Push Buttons & Pilot Lights: 15g (40HzWorking PositionAll Working positions are allowedUL StandardcULus ListedCSA StandardCSA Certified
-
3 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - All 3 Positions Key RemovalItem # PB-BG07View More InfoView Less InfoView More InfoView Less Info-
Package QuantityEA
-
Name3 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - All 3 Positions Key Removal
-
BrandTechspan
-
Cabling/Terminal Capacity1x0.5mm² and 2x1.5mm²
-
Contact OperationSlow action, Positive Opening
-
Dielectric Strength2.5KV for 1 minute
-
Initial Contact Resistance≤ 25 milli Ohm
-
Insulation CategoryGroup C conforming to NF C 20-040, VDE 0110
-
Insulation Resistance2M Ohm min (500 VDC)
-
Key RemovalAll 3 Positions
-
Knob SizeØ ≤ 25mm
-
Mechanical LifeAll working positions are allowed
-
Operating ForcePush Buttons - 1 'NO'=10N, 1'NC'=8N Additional contacts - 'NO'=+5N, 'NC'=+3N
-
Pollution Degree3
-
Protection DegreeIP65
-
Rated Insulation Voltage500V conforming to IEC 60947-1, UL 508 & CSA 22-2 n° 14
-
Rated PowerConforming to IEC 60947-5-1: utilization categories AC 15 & DC 13
-
Rated Thermal Current10A
-
Reference StandardIEC 60947-5-1, EN 60947-5-1, IEC 337-1, UL 508, CSA C-22-2 n° 14
-
Shock ResistancePush Buttons: 70g, Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 15g, Selector Switches: 200g conforming to IEC 68-2-27
-
Short Circuits Protection10A 500V, Cartridge Fuse g1 or N conforming to IEC 337-1
-
Temperature-40°C ~ + 70°C (Storage) -25°C ~ + 70°C (Working)
-
Type - push buttonStay Put
-
Vibration Resistance60 mm Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 8g, Other Push Buttons & Pilot Lights: 15g (40HzWorking PositionAll Working positions are allowedShipping Dimensions (cm)3.4 L 6 W 2.9 HShipping Weight (kg)0.1000UL StandardcULus ListedCSA StandardCSA Certified
-
3 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - All 3 Positions Key RemovalItem # PB-BG0View More InfoView Less InfoView More InfoView Less Info-
Package QuantityEA
-
Name3 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - All 3 Positions Key Removal
-
BrandTechspan
-
Cabling/Terminal Capacity1x0.5mm² and 2x1.5mm²
-
Contact OperationSlow action, Positive Opening
-
Dielectric Strength2.5KV for 1 minute
-
Initial Contact Resistance≤ 25 milli Ohm
-
Insulation CategoryGroup C conforming to NF C 20-040, VDE 0110
-
Insulation Resistance2M Ohm min (500 VDC)
-
Key RemovalAll 3 Positions
-
Knob SizeØ ≤ 25mm
-
Mechanical LifeAll working positions are allowed
-
Operating ForcePush Buttons - 1 'NO'=10N, 1'NC'=8N Additional contacts - 'NO'=+5N, 'NC'=+3N
-
Pollution Degree3
-
Protection DegreeIP65
-
Rated Insulation Voltage500V conforming to IEC 60947-1, UL 508 & CSA 22-2 n° 14
-
Rated PowerConforming to IEC 60947-5-1: utilization categories AC 15 & DC 13
-
Rated Thermal Current10A
-
Reference StandardIEC 60947-5-1, EN 60947-5-1, IEC 337-1, UL 508, CSA C-22-2 n° 14
-
Shock ResistancePush Buttons: 70g, Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 15g, Selector Switches: 200g conforming to IEC 68-2-27
-
Short Circuits Protection10A 500V, Cartridge Fuse g1 or N conforming to IEC 337-1
-
Temperature-40°C ~ + 70°C (Storage) -25°C ~ + 70°C (Working)
-
Type - push buttonStay Put
-
Vibration Resistance60 mm Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 8g, Other Push Buttons & Pilot Lights: 15g (40HzWorking PositionAll Working positions are allowedUL StandardcULus ListedCSA StandardCSA Certified
-
3 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - Centre Position Key RemovalItem # PB-BG3View More InfoView Less InfoView More InfoView Less Info-
Package QuantityEA
-
Name3 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - Centre Position Key Removal
-
BrandTechspan
-
Cabling/Terminal Capacity1x0.5mm² and 2x1.5mm²
-
Contact OperationSlow action, Positive Opening
-
Dielectric Strength2.5KV for 1 minute
-
Initial Contact Resistance≤ 25 milli Ohm
-
Insulation CategoryGroup C conforming to NF C 20-040, VDE 0110
-
Insulation Resistance2M Ohm min (500 VDC)
-
Key RemovalCentre Position
-
Knob SizeØ ≤ 25mm
-
Mechanical LifeAll working positions are allowed
-
Operating ForcePush Buttons - 1 'NO'=10N, 1'NC'=8N Additional contacts - 'NO'=+5N, 'NC'=+3N
-
Pollution Degree3
-
Protection DegreeIP65
-
Rated Insulation Voltage500V conforming to IEC 60947-1, UL 508 & CSA 22-2 n° 14
-
Rated PowerConforming to IEC 60947-5-1: utilization categories AC 15 & DC 13
-
Rated Thermal Current10A
-
Reference StandardIEC 60947-5-1, EN 60947-5-1, IEC 337-1, UL 508, CSA C-22-2 n° 14
-
Shock ResistancePush Buttons: 70g, Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 15g, Selector Switches: 200g conforming to IEC 68-2-27
-
Short Circuits Protection10A 500V, Cartridge Fuse g1 or N conforming to IEC 337-1
-
Temperature-40°C ~ + 70°C (Storage) -25°C ~ + 70°C (Working)
-
Type - push buttonStay Put
-
Vibration Resistance60 mm Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 8g, Other Push Buttons & Pilot Lights: 15g (40HzWorking PositionAll Working positions are allowedShipping Dimensions (cm)3.9 L 6 W 2.9 HShipping Weight (kg)0.1000UL StandardcULus ListedCSA StandardCSA Certified
-
3 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - LH and RH Position Key RemovalItem # PB-BG5View More InfoView Less InfoView More InfoView Less Info© 2026 Techspan Industries Inc.-
Package QuantityEA
-
Name3 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - LH and RH Position Key Removal
-
BrandTechspan
-
Cabling/Terminal Capacity1x0.5mm² and 2x1.5mm²
-
Contact OperationSlow action, Positive Opening
-
Dielectric Strength2.5KV for 1 minute
-
Initial Contact Resistance≤ 25 milli Ohm
-
Insulation CategoryGroup C conforming to NF C 20-040, VDE 0110
-
Insulation Resistance2M Ohm min (500 VDC)
-
Key RemovalLH and RH Position
-
Knob SizeØ ≤ 25mm
-
Mechanical LifeAll working positions are allowed
-
Operating ForcePush Buttons - 1 'NO'=10N, 1'NC'=8N Additional contacts - 'NO'=+5N, 'NC'=+3N
-
Pollution Degree3
-
Protection DegreeIP65
-
Rated Insulation Voltage500V conforming to IEC 60947-1, UL 508 & CSA 22-2 n° 14
-
Rated PowerConforming to IEC 60947-5-1: utilization categories AC 15 & DC 13
-
Rated Thermal Current10A
-
Reference StandardIEC 60947-5-1, EN 60947-5-1, IEC 337-1, UL 508, CSA C-22-2 n° 14
-
Shock ResistancePush Buttons: 70g, Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 15g, Selector Switches: 200g conforming to IEC 68-2-27
-
Short Circuits Protection10A 500V, Cartridge Fuse g1 or N conforming to IEC 337-1
-
Temperature-40°C ~ + 70°C (Storage) -25°C ~ + 70°C (Working)
-
Type - push buttonStay Put
-
Vibration Resistance60 mm Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 8g, Other Push Buttons & Pilot Lights: 15g (40HzWorking PositionAll Working positions are allowedUL StandardcULus ListedCSA StandardCSA Certified
-
3 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - LH Position Key RemovalItem # PB-BG9View More InfoView Less InfoView More InfoView Less Info-
Package QuantityEA
-
Name3 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - LH Position Key Removal
-
BrandTechspan
-
Cabling/Terminal Capacity1x0.5mm² and 2x1.5mm²
-
Contact OperationSlow action, Positive Opening
-
Dielectric Strength2.5KV for 1 minute
-
Initial Contact Resistance≤ 25 milli Ohm
-
Insulation CategoryGroup C conforming to NF C 20-040, VDE 0110
-
Insulation Resistance2M Ohm min (500 VDC)
-
Key RemovalLH position
-
Knob SizeØ ≤ 25mm
-
Mechanical LifeAll working positions are allowed
-
Operating ForcePush Buttons - 1 'NO'=10N, 1'NC'=8N Additional contacts - 'NO'=+5N, 'NC'=+3N
-
Pollution Degree3
-
Protection DegreeIP65
-
Rated Insulation Voltage500V conforming to IEC 60947-1, UL 508 & CSA 22-2 n° 14
-
Rated PowerConforming to IEC 60947-5-1: utilization categories AC 15 & DC 13
-
Rated Thermal Current10A
-
Reference StandardIEC 60947-5-1, EN 60947-5-1, IEC 337-1, UL 508, CSA C-22-2 n° 14
-
Shock ResistancePush Buttons: 70g, Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 15g, Selector Switches: 200g conforming to IEC 68-2-27
-
Short Circuits Protection10A 500V, Cartridge Fuse g1 or N conforming to IEC 337-1
-
Temperature-40°C ~ + 70°C (Storage) -25°C ~ + 70°C (Working)
-
Type - push buttonStay Put
-
Vibration Resistance60 mm Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 8g, Other Push Buttons & Pilot Lights: 15g (40HzWorking PositionAll Working positions are allowedShipping Dimensions (cm)4.1 L 8.6 W 2.9 HShipping Weight (kg)0.1020UL StandardcULus ListedCSA StandardCSA Certified
-
3 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - RH Position Key RemovalItem # PB-BG09View More InfoView Less InfoView More InfoView Less Info-
Package QuantityEA
-
Name3 Position Key Switch - Stay Put - RH Position Key Removal
-
BrandTechspan
-
Cabling/Terminal Capacity1x0.5mm² and 2x1.5mm²
-
Contact OperationSlow action, Positive Opening
-
Dielectric Strength2.5KV for 1 minute
-
Initial Contact Resistance≤ 25 milli Ohm
-
Insulation CategoryGroup C conforming to NF C 20-040, VDE 0110
-
Insulation Resistance2M Ohm min (500 VDC)
-
Key RemovalRH Position
-
Knob SizeØ ≤ 25mm
-
Mechanical LifeAll working positions are allowed
-
Operating ForcePush Buttons - 1 'NO'=10N, 1'NC'=8N Additional contacts - 'NO'=+5N, 'NC'=+3N
-
Pollution Degree3
-
Protection DegreeIP65
-
Rated Insulation Voltage500V conforming to IEC 60947-1, UL 508 & CSA 22-2 n° 14
-
Rated PowerConforming to IEC 60947-5-1: utilization categories AC 15 & DC 13
-
Rated Thermal Current10A
-
Reference StandardIEC 60947-5-1, EN 60947-5-1, IEC 337-1, UL 508, CSA C-22-2 n° 14
-
Shock ResistancePush Buttons: 70g, Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 15g, Selector Switches: 200g conforming to IEC 68-2-27
-
Short Circuits Protection10A 500V, Cartridge Fuse g1 or N conforming to IEC 337-1
-
Temperature-40°C ~ + 70°C (Storage) -25°C ~ + 70°C (Working)
-
Type - push buttonStay Put
-
Vibration Resistance60 mm Mushroom Head Push Buttons: 8g, Other Push Buttons & Pilot Lights: 15g (40HzWorking PositionAll Working positions are allowedUL StandardcULus ListedCSA StandardCSA Certified
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-